BATTLE INDEX

Major operations and engagements broken down in full, from terrain and force composition to turning points, casualties, and strategic impact.

The city fight that shattered Germany's momentum

Urban warfare • Encirclement • Catastrophic losses

Four carriers lost and the balance of the Pacific changed

Carrier warfare • Intelligence • Turning point

Hitler's last gamble in the West

Bastogne • Ardennes • Final German offensive

The desert victory that turned the tide in North Africa

Minefields • Breakthrough • Montgomery vs Rommel

The largest armored battle in history

Prokhorovka • Deep defenses • Tank warfare